This particular article publishes the newest AMS 14 C times from 13 ponies in the past assigned to the newest Migration months, in addition to osteometric data and you may chronilogical age of horses discovered during the Lithuanian cemeteries of one’s 3rd–14th C Post, over 200 someone as a whole. The research overall performance corrected the existing chronology of your own burials, as well as the osteometric study allowed an alternate analysis from whether or not the ponies in the Migration months are indeed outstanding in size from inside the the perspective of Lithuanian ponies regarding third to Religijne randkowy 14th C Ad. The fresh abundant investigation and additionally greet an evaluation of your development of the size and style and you may period of new horses from inside the Lithuania amongst the 3rd and you may 14th C Offer.
2.1. Zooarchaeological Study
Nearly eight hundred horse skeletal stays found in Lithuanian burial sites off the third–14th C Post have been assessed ( Profile step 1 ); but not, because of worst preservation, simply over 200 everyone was right for subsequent proportions and you will ages data. The new burial websites was put into about three chronological organizations. All in all, 21 people from six burial sites was basically assigned on the Later Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–7th C Advertisement); 13 horses from this period was in fact really AMS 14 C-dated. These were people picked towards the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr research, the outcomes from which was authored for the a special book . So you’re able to identify anywhere between horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the newest strategy discussed by Johnstone is then followed.
Place out of sites stated about text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
Many of them, with the exception of eight someone, had been based in the Marvele burial webpages into the central Lithuania. Investigations of your own archaeological perspective together with grave products lets so you can grow relationship of some of one’s burials into 12th C Advertising. Hence, new specialized stop of the Viking several months (1066) has not been considered, each other of the estimate matchmaking of them burial internet and by historical and you can archaeological framework: zero big break-in the real history off Lithuania until the facilities of one’s county throughout the 13th C Advertising is observed.
Horses of around three burial internet sites going back the fresh thirteen–14th C Post were assigned to new medieval period. In such a case, a few of the burials could actually day for the 12th C Post but are difficult to differentiate in the later of those. The brand new gothic horse category also included skeleton from horses of a couple of castles and something town of the fresh new thirteen–14th C Advertising: twenty five metatarsals and you will metacarpals was basically selected out-of Kernave medieval city, 9 in the Vilnius Straight down castle, and you will 8 off Memelburg, brand new castle of the Teutonic Acquisition, present-go out Klaipeda. I have incorporated horses on the settlement internet sites to provide as goal a picture of medieval ponies that you can, created not merely on folks from ordinary burial internet but along with out of contexts regarding the better societal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) together with Order. Altogether, the brand new stays out of ninety-five people were checked in the medieval months. During this search, skeletal stays of all of the Lithuanian horses recognized to brand new authors out of 3rd–14th C Ad burial websites were checked out.
2. Matter and techniques
Many of the pony skeletons was improperly maintained and you can unsuitable for osteometric research, therefore the number of individuals ranged in terms of study of what their age is and top. Age the latest horses was estimated by the enamel eruption , wear of your incisors, in addition to top of one’s premolars and you can molars . Collection time of the epiphyses was also used in age comparison. Withers level is actually estimated away from long bones specifications using the fixed coefficients from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Ponies was categorized centered on Brauner’s metacarpal and you may metatarsal slenderness index classification . Proportions predicated on von den Driesh were made using an enthusiastic osteometric board and an electronic digital caliper with a reliability away from 0.01 cm. Horse skeletons were sexed in accordance with the exposure away from the dog teeth inside men horses over cuatro–five years old. However, in some instances, gender of the creature cannot become computed due to destroyed bones. Long bones proportions, sex, and the period of everyone are given during the Dining tables S1–S4. To test to own benefits, we made use of a beneficial t-attempt. Reviewed horses’ remains is actually stored in the latest Zooarchaeological Data source regarding Vilnius School, Faculty of the past. Pony out-of Varliskes are stored in Kernave Art gallery, and horse skeletons regarding Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you can Salakas is stored in National Art gallery from Lithuania.